Bariatric surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, is a medical procedure designed to help individuals with severe obesity lose weight when traditional methods such as diet and exercise have not been effective. This type of surgery is not only aimed at reducing weight but also at improving or resolving obesity-related health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnoea, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life.

There are several types of bariatric surgery, including gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding. Gastric bypass, one of the most common procedures, involves creating a small stomach pouch and rerouting the small intestine, which results in significant weight loss and changes in how the body absorbs nutrients. Sleeve gastrectomy involves removing a large portion of the stomach, leaving a smaller sleeve-shaped stomach that limits food intake. Adjustable gastric banding involves placing a band around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch, which can be adjusted to control food intake.

While bariatric surgery can be highly effective, it is not a quick fix and requires a lifelong commitment to lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity. Patients typically undergo a thorough pre-operative evaluation and must demonstrate their readiness and ability to adhere to these lifestyle changes.

Post-surgery, patients often experience rapid weight loss and improvement in obesity-related conditions. However, the procedure carries risks, such as surgical complications and nutritional deficiencies, which require ongoing medical monitoring and support.

Overall, bariatric surgery can be a life-changing procedure for individuals struggling with severe obesity, offering significant health benefits and the potential for a longer, healthier life. It is essential for individuals considering this surgery to discuss it thoroughly with their healthcare provider to understand the risks, benefits, and required lifestyle changes.